Kernel driver w1_therm

Supported chips:

  • Maxim ds18*20 based temperature sensors.

  • Maxim ds1825 based temperature sensors.

  • GXCAS GX20MH01 temperature sensor.

  • Maxim MAX31850 thermoelement interface.

Author: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru>

Description

w1_therm provides basic temperature conversion for ds18*20, ds28ea00, GX20MH01 and MAX31850 devices.

Supported family codes:

W1_THERM_DS18S20

0x10

W1_THERM_DS1822

0x22

W1_THERM_DS18B20

0x28

W1_THERM_DS1825

0x3B

W1_THERM_DS28EA00

0x42

Support is provided through the sysfs entry w1_slave. Each open and read sequence will initiate a temperature conversion, then provide two lines of ASCII output. The first line contains the nine hex bytes read along with a calculated crc value and YES or NO if it matched. If the crc matched the returned values are retained. The second line displays the retained values along with a temperature in millidegrees Centigrade after t=.

Alternatively, temperature can be read using temperature sysfs, it returns only the temperature in millidegrees Centigrade.

A bulk read of all devices on the bus could be done writing trigger to therm_bulk_read entry at w1_bus_master level. This will send the convert command to all devices on the bus, and if parasite powered devices are detected on the bus (and strong pullup is enabled in the module), it will drive the line high during the longer conversion time required by parasited powered device on the line. Reading therm_bulk_read will return 0 if no bulk conversion pending, -1 if at least one sensor still in conversion, 1 if conversion is complete but at least one sensor value has not been read yet. Result temperature is then accessed by reading the temperature entry of each device, which may return empty if conversion is still in progress. Note that if a bulk read is sent but one sensor is not read immediately, the next access to temperature on this device will return the temperature measured at the time of issue of the bulk read command (not the current temperature).

A strong pullup will be applied during the conversion if required.

conv_time is used to get current conversion time (read), and adjust it (write). A temperature conversion time depends on the device type and its current resolution. Default conversion time is set by the driver according to the device datasheet. A conversion time for many original device clones deviate from datasheet specs. There are three options: 1) manually set the correct conversion time by writing a value in milliseconds to conv_time; 2) auto measure and set a conversion time by writing 1 to conv_time; 3) use features to enable poll for conversion completion. Options 2, 3 can’t be used in parasite power mode. To get back to the default conversion time write 0 to conv_time.

Writing a resolution value (in bits) to w1_slave will change the precision of the sensor for the next readings. Allowed resolutions are defined by the sensor. Resolution is reset when the sensor gets power-cycled.

To store the current resolution in EEPROM, write 0 to w1_slave. Since the EEPROM has a limited amount of writes (>50k), this command should be used wisely.

Alternatively, resolution can be read or written using the dedicated resolution entry on each device, if supported by the sensor.

Some non-genuine DS18B20 chips are fixed in 12-bit mode only, so the actual resolution is read back from the chip and verified.

Note: Changing the resolution reverts the conversion time to default.

The write-only sysfs entry eeprom_cmd is an alternative for EEPROM operations. Write save to save device RAM to EEPROM. Write restore to restore EEPROM data in device RAM.

ext_power entry allows checking the power state of each device. Reads 0 if the device is parasite powered, 1 if the device is externally powered.

Sysfs alarms allow read or write TH and TL (Temperature High an Low) alarms. Values shall be space separated and in the device range (typical -55 degC to 125 degC). Values are integer as they are store in a 8bit register in the device. Lowest value is automatically put to TL. Once set, alarms could be search at master level.

The module parameter strong_pullup can be set to 0 to disable the strong pullup, 1 to enable autodetection or 2 to force strong pullup. In case of autodetection, the driver will use the “READ POWER SUPPLY” command to check if there are pariste powered devices on the bus. If so, it will activate the master’s strong pullup. In case the detection of parasite devices using this command fails (seems to be the case with some DS18S20) the strong pullup can be force-enabled.

If the strong pullup is enabled, the master’s strong pullup will be driven when the conversion is taking place, provided the master driver does support the strong pullup (or it falls back to a pullup resistor). The DS18b20 temperature sensor specification lists a maximum current draw of 1.5mA and that a 5k pullup resistor is not sufficient. The strong pullup is designed to provide the additional current required.

The DS28EA00 provides an additional two pins for implementing a sequence detection algorithm. This feature allows you to determine the physical location of the chip in the 1-wire bus without needing pre-existing knowledge of the bus ordering. Support is provided through the sysfs w1_seq. The file will contain a single line with an integer value representing the device index in the bus starting at 0.

features sysfs entry controls optional driver settings per device. Insufficient power in parasite mode, line noise and insufficient conversion time may lead to conversion failure. Original DS18B20 and some clones allow for detection of invalid conversion. Write bit mask 1 to features to enable checking the conversion success. If byte 6 of scratchpad memory is 0xC after conversion and temperature reads 85.00 (powerup value) or 127.94 (insufficient power), the driver returns a conversion error. Bit mask 2 enables poll for conversion completion (normal power only) by generating read cycles on the bus after conversion starts. In parasite power mode this feature is not available. Feature bit masks may be combined (OR). More details in Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-w1_therm

GX20MH01 device shares family number 0x28 with DS18*20. The device is generally compatible with DS18B20. Added are lowest 2-5, 2-6 temperature bits in Config register; R2 bit in Config register enabling 13 and 14 bit resolutions. The device is powered up in 14-bit resolution mode. The conversion times specified in the datasheet are too low and have to be increased. The device supports driver features 1 and 2.

MAX31850 device shares family number 0x3B with DS1825. The device is generally compatible with DS1825. The higher 4 bits of Config register read all 1, indicating 15, but the device is always operating in 14-bit resolution mode.